Looks like the B8.5 allroad has 180A Valeo; my B8.0 avant has only a 140A Bosch. I assume the refresh got larger alternators to cover the electric steering rack. Largest stock battery in a B8 is 110Ah (PR-J0Z). You probably upgraded the battery at some point.
If you're trying to overload the generator not constantly but just for a few songs here and there, then a second battery over a larger alternator would seem to be fine. A battery will be smaller than a cap, a battery will be cheaper than a cap. But a battery won't provide that burst current like a cap. And since you should have a cap anyway, why add both if the cap alone covers it. But if you've been there done that with your playback style and already know a cap is just not enough for your overload duration, then so be it. Cap+battery :-) Though I wonder if these Stinger carbon cap 5F and 10F hybrids would be a two in one solution. My car audio days, what's those first few words in Star Wars?
You're going to have a battery isolator, that's a given with two batteries. Not a topic I ever needed to bother with. Addressed my needs with generators and caps and that's all I needed. Looking at
http://www.bcae1.com/battiso.htm, it appears if you go the diode route, you might have some concern over voltage level that makes it to the batteries, a little lower than original. Will slow the charging process. If you go the solenoid route, then things look normal. No messing with the negative, so the BEM will just sit there and see it's own normal battery; the second battery is just an additional consumer out on the grid.
Note the J367 BEM has four wires on it, and it functions as a voltmeter across the + and - posts of the factory battery and as an ammeter between the - post of the factory battery and the chassis ground point at the battery. So long as whatever you do you attach outside of those points, not directly to the posts on the factory battery, then the new additions are just additional electrical components. When you look at "fuse panel A", the big block on the + post, the BEM connects to B/1, there's three big fuses for most of the car's term 30 on C/1, D/1, and E/1. And the alternator charge comes in on the massive wire at F/1. I don't think I'd add load to the fuses SA1, SA2, SA3. I'd try to connect to F/1 or the massive wire coming to F/1. Just be cautious of the battery interrupt igniter that is in that block. The two pin plug goes to the airbag system. The F/1 in goes through the igniter that's controlled by that airbag connection.
The other end of that F/1 wire is TV22, the terminal block in the middle of the plenum chamber, back in the engine bay. So not helpful. Somehow tapping F/1 is what I would figure out. Or if you can figure out if you have spare capacity on SA1, SA2, or SA3.
The flashlight example is not really relevant; the flashlight doesn't have a charging system, which is the crux in this scenario.
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