1- You don't really mention if the time it takes to warm the engine is at idle or while driving? In cold weather these engines do not warm up well while idling. Even at not super cold temps it can take 15-20 minutes of idling to get an engine near 'warm' on the gauge. And you're in Sweden and you car is A 2.4- is it a regular petrol engine or Diesel? In the US we don't have those, so it's hard to keep track of what everywhere else got. If it's a diesel then obviously it's a going to be a COLD engine.
If the engine never really gets to operating temp, or it does but the temp fluctuates fairly noticeably on the gauge, then very likely you have a stuck open thermostat (like I do!). But even if the temp is around the COLD line on the gauge you should have decent consistent heat.
If you can hold the RPM up a little, (or better yet drive it keeping the RPM's up to heat it up faster), and you get heat while the RPM's are up; but the the air vents cool off fairly quickly then it's very likely you have air in the heater core or it's blocked as mentioned before. The B5/B5.5 VW Passat has A LOT of trouble with this; every passat I have ever known has had this problem to some extent.
You can google 'VW Passat no heat" and find an entire world of solutions or procedures to deal with this. It's very nearly exactly the same setup and dealing with it is exactly the same.
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